as這個(gè)詞看起來簡單，但用法很多，且經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，對(duì)它的正確理解關(guān)系到英語運(yùn)用能力的提高，有必要單獨(dú)提出來總結(jié)一下。
as作介詞
1)區(qū)別as與1ike
as作介詞表示“像……”；“以……身份”或“作為……”，“當(dāng)作……”。例如：
They rose together as one man.
He worked as a slave. (He was a slave.)
He worked like a slave. (He was not a slave.)
2)as引導(dǎo)的介詞短語在句中用作：
a)賓語補(bǔ)語
Sam took his long days as a matter of course.
He looked upon it as certain.
I don't regard you as being dangerous.
We consider the wire as disconnected.
注：當(dāng)as后面是形容詞或動(dòng)詞-ed形式時(shí)，一般認(rèn)為前面省略了being。
b)主語補(bǔ)語
His life as a pilot came to a sudden end.
All his life he worked hard as the only employee in- the small grocery.
The report was considered as false.
He is better known all over the world as Mark Twain.
常用于這類結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有：accept, acknowledge, choose, class, classify, consider, declare, define, denounce, describe, elect, express, interpret, look upon, name, organize, recognize, refer to, regard, represent, see, take, think of, treat, use, view等。
as作副詞
1)表示同等程度、數(shù)量、質(zhì)量等作“一樣地……”解釋。例如：
Paul runs fast, but I run just as fast. ( = I run just as fast as he does.)
Tom has a lot of money but I don't have as much. ( = I don't have as much as he does. )
2)用在形容詞或-ed形式前：
man as different from other animals
man as described by scientists
as作關(guān)系代詞
1)as作為關(guān)系代詞不僅可代替一個(gè)名詞，而且可以代替整個(gè)句子或一件事。例如：
They took in as many people as could be accommodated in the small motel.
As has been said before, grammar is not a set of dead rules.
Pedro is late, as is often the case.
as作連詞
1)表示時(shí)間
He came up just as I reached the door.
As they were walking towards the bus stop, it began to rain.
As one gets older, one gets more optimistic.
2)表示原因
She won't be coming, as we didn't invite her.
注：表示原因的as，有時(shí)也用這種倒裝語序，這要從上下文來判斷。例如：
Young as he was, he was equal to the task. (雖然他年青……)
Young as he was, he was not equal to the task. (因?yàn)樗昵唷?
3)表示讓步(語氣比although，though強(qiáng)些)，注意句中的語序部分倒裝。例如：
Cold as it was, we continued our journey.
Much as I like ice-cream, I never eat much at a time.
Try as he would, he could not lift the rock.
4)表示動(dòng)作的方式，作“正如……”解釋。例如：
Leave it as it is. (就隨它那樣吧!)
When in Rome, do as the Romans do. (入鄉(xiāng)隨俗)
5)表示比較
比較兩個(gè)人(事物、程度等)在某方面相同用as．．．a(chǎn)s，不相同用not so／as．．．a(chǎn)s。
a)在as．．．a(chǎn)s結(jié)構(gòu)中第一個(gè)as前可以用表示倍數(shù)、程度等詞。例如：
Tom is twice as capable as Jim. (湯姆的能力比吉姆強(qiáng)一倍。)
She's just / quite as clever as her sister. (她完全像她姐姐那樣聰明。)
b)如果句中有a／an，要注意語序。例如：
It was as pleasant a day as we had ever spent.
She is as good an actress as her mother.
c)在as….as結(jié)構(gòu)中，注意第二個(gè)as后人稱代詞的形式
You hate him as much as I. ( = You hate him and I hate him, too. )
You hate him as much as me. ( = You hate him and you hate me, too. )
但在口語中，只要不引起誤解，第二個(gè)as后人稱代詞(尤其是第一人稱)的主格可以在非正式文體中，第一個(gè)as可以省略。例如:
My sister is as tall as we. ( = My sister is as tall as I.)
d) as.-.as結(jié)構(gòu)還可以下面形式出現(xiàn)：
He found riding as tiring as walking.
It is as easy as falling off a log. ( = Falling off a log is easy.)
The message is as clear as is necessary. ( = as clear as it is necessary, ??????再清楚不過了。)
在非正式文體中，第一個(gè)as可以省略。例如
Your face looks (as) white as snow.
You look (as) pretty as ever.
She's (as) hard as nails.
EXERCISE 1
?Insert as where it is necessary:
1. Every other nation, the United States used to define its unit of currency, the dollar, in
terms of the gold standard.
2. The weeks of summer training are often tense for sports writers they are for football
players and coaches.
3. Scientists have recently argued that Einstein's contribution to physics and mathematics is
important Newton's.
4. The songs of Bob Dylan are very popular among young people, who regard him superior
to other musicians.
5. America will never again have a nation the spirit of adventure it had before the West was
settled.
6. Mr Baker continued to express surprise that Bill had become as successful a lawyer he
had.
7. Understanding the cultural customs of another nation, especially one containing so many
diversified subcultures the United States, is a complex, bewildering task.
8. In order to achieve the desired results in this experiment, it is necessary for one to work
fast possible.
9. He is interested you are in the matter.
10. Will you fight men, or die slaves?
EXERCISE 2
Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English, paying attention to the use of as in each
sentence:
1. His friends got him a job (當(dāng)郵局職員 ).
2. Sam regarded his work (快樂的源泉.).
3. The blacks were not paid (跟白人一樣多).
4. (像任何別的的大城市一樣), parts of Washington are not so pleasant。
5. However, the result was (像過去一樣).
6. He was (像我們其他人一樣擔(dān)心).
1. I sat there(盡可能安靜)
8. Try to get (盡可能高的考試分?jǐn)?shù)) you can.
9. It is (不像那么糟) it might have been.
10. The strange thing traveled at speeds up to 150 knots in the sea and went (深達(dá)) five
miles.
EXERCISE 3
Translate the following sentences into Chinese:
1. As fire tests gold, so does adversity (逆境) test courage.
2. You should not accept everything you read as true.
3. This time the Chinese were imported as work crews to construct the transcontinental railroad.
4. As in the case of their predecessors, these Chinese immigrants were all males.
11 5. Never be so foolish as to look down on him.
6. Tonight, he is taking his wife to the cinema as this is pay-day.
7. Jazz was invented by American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today.
8. Such girls, as you know, are rare now.
9. Clever as John was, he found little difficulty in solving the problem.
10. Young as he is, it is natural that he should commit such a mistake.
11. That's why things must be kept just as they are.
12. As friction manifests itself as a resistance that opposes motion, it is usually considered as
a nuisance.
13. The cinema, as we have seen, is no longer as popular as it was in the 1930's and 1940's.'
14. Many people like pubs as much for the companionship they find there as for the drinking.
15. The book was a report of his European tour as a westerner saw it.
16. The role is as plain as the nose on your face.
17. If you are going to leave out some things on a test, it might as well be the things you aren't sure of anyway.
18. In some ways Pompeii was to Romans as modem Bournemouth is to Londoners.
As構(gòu)成的固定詞組
i)作介詞用
a) as against 與。。。相比
The output amounts to ten thousand dollars as against eight thousand last year.
b) as compared with 與。。。相比
German, as compared with French, is difficult to learn.
c) as for, as to 至于：
Here I am. As for the others, they'll arrive late.
As for me, give me liberty or give me death.
There is no doubt as to who will be elected.
注：as for后不跟名詞從句；所構(gòu)成的短語一般放在句首，和前面提到的人或事物有關(guān)。8s to后可
d) as from /as of 自……(日)起：
The contract shall be in effect as from January 1, 1999.
e) as a result of 由于……的結(jié)果：
As a result of the heavy snow, all the traffic was stopped.
f) as regards 至于
As regards that, I haven't decided yet.
2)作副詞
a) as above 如上；
The rule has been explained as above.
b) as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上：
As a matter of fact, he wasn't present at the meeting.
c) as a whole 就整體來說：
As a whole the relocation (重新安置) seems to have been beneficial.
d) as follows 如下：
Their names are as follows.
e) as good as 和……幾乎一樣，實(shí)際等于
We're as good as ruined.
f)as such照其資格；其本身
He was a guest, and was treated as such.
History as such is too often neglected.
g) such as to, so ... as to 這樣的以至：
His kindness was such as to make us all love him.
I am not so foolish as to do that.
h) as yet 尚，至今還(用于否定句)：
I have received no answer from him as yet.
1) as well 也 '
Please take this book as well.
此外，還有as a result, so as to, as usual 等常用固定詞組。
3) z作關(guān)系代詞
a) as.. .go 就。。。。一般情況來說
He is quite good, as boys go.
b) as it is, as it was 事實(shí)上，按現(xiàn)狀
I thought conditions would get better, but as it was, they were getting worse.
They have decided to buy the house as it is.
c) as it were 好象是
He became, as it were, a kind of hero from a strange land.
4)作連詞
a) according as 根據(jù)；按照。。。。而:
You may go or stay, according as you decide.
According as you have informed yourself, you will be able to answer the questions.
b) in as (so) far as 根據(jù)。。。。程度
In as (so) far as we can believe the facts, we will use them.
此外，還有 as far as, as if, as long as, as soon as, as well as等常用詞組
EXERCISE 4
Choose the one that best completes the sentence:
1. My husband and I are not Danish. _____, my ancestors were English.
a. As a result b. As a whole
c. As usual d. As a matter of fact
2. Long distance trains are not common in this country _____. those in many other countries.
a. as from b. as contrasted to
c. as compared with d. as regards
3. Because his parents didn't approve of his majoring in physics, William had reluctantly taken civil engineering _____.
a. as the second choice b. as the choice second
c. second as choice d. the choice as the second
4. Because of political and religious persecution, many Europeans fled to the U. S. from industrial countries_____non-industrial countries.
a. as well as b? as long as
c. as well d. as fair a&
5. Geology is the science of the earth _____.
a. as such b. as a whole
c. as follows d. as above
6. The history of nursing _____ the history of man.
a. as old as b. so old as
c. that is as old as d. is as old as
7. You may take an oral or written exam _____ you prefer.
a. as far as b. as
c. as against d. in so far as
8. The new contract becomes effective _____ June 1.
a. as for b. .as to
c. as of d. as regards
9. I don't know_____the others.
a. as much as b. as tar as
c. according as d. as good as
10. A leader, _____, deserves obedience.
a. as such b. as yet
c. such as d. as of right
11. Several people were killed _____ the storm.
a. as a result b. as a result of
c. as from d. as to
12. Janet _____ Mary _____ here.
a. as well as... is b. as well as.. . are
c. as good as... is d. as well ... are
13. Don't accept everything you see _____.
a. as if it were the truth b. as good as
c. as it is d. as is true
14. We should treat others _____ we wish them to treat us.
a. as b. as if
c. as long as d. as though
15. Search _____ I would, I could not find it.
a. as though ' b. as if
c. as soon as d. as
16. You may use the room as you like, _____ you clean it up afterwards.
a. as far as b. as well as
c. as soon as d. so long as
17. He looked at us sadly with eyes _____ her mother's.
a. a size as b. of size as
c. too large as d. as large as
18. Jean worked just as much _____.
a. like what she was told to b. as she was told to
c. as to what she tried to do d. like she was told to
19. Only a week after the fire in the store, it was doing business _____.
a. as above b. as usual
c. as such d. as yet
20. Modem statesmen are often faced with _____ problems _____ defeated the ancient Romans.
a. the same... as b. such many ... as
c. as... as such d. such .. .as they ?
21. She was _____ anyone could find.
a. as a pleasant old woman as . b. as an old pleasant woman as
C. as old a pleasant woman as d, as pleasant an old woman as
22. I hope he won't be _____ weak _____ yield.
a. as... as to b. so... as for
c. so... as to d. such ... as to
23. I walk a long way to my work, _____.
a. as it is b. as you know
c. as seems it d. as it seems
24. The displacement (排水量) of the new ship is 15,000 tons_____12,500 of the older ships.
a. as for b. as to
c. as against d. as regards
EXERCISE 5
Insert as where it is required:
A.
The water that sinks deep into the ground does not stay motionless. It moves about just water does on the surface. A rule it does not move nearly so fast. But it moves, and it moves it plays its part in the war between land and sea.
B.
Glaciers (冰川), you probably know, are moving fields or rivers of ice. A glacier moves slowly along over pebbles and boulders (大卵石), it grinds them together. It may grind them into particles fine dust. Some of the pebbles and boulders freeze into the bottom of the glacier. With them tools the glaciers can gouge (挖槽) out the rock over which it passes.
C.
So one morning, around the famous leaning Tower of Pisa, there was a great stir of people.
"The youth is headstrong, well deluded (受騙), " sneered one townsman politely.
"He won't go far with such crazy notions, " rejoined another, shrugging his shoulders. "You will soon see, " he added, pointing to the tower.
The students, however, who liked Galileo, were anxious.
"Would to Heaven, " you could hear them say, "that Mr. Galileo might succeed!" Meanwhile the figure of Galileo was showing itself on the top of the tower. In his left hand he balanced a ten-pound shot. In his right, a one-pound shot. The crowd below became tense. A shout went up he suddenly let go of the shots. The two weights cut the air, and — to the greater glory of Galileo — both struck the earth at the same time, just he had said they would。
